PLATE 1
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Experiments in overlaid washes are shown at top and center; examples of mixed washes are shown below. In A, a narrow band of yellow ochre was overlaid by short washes of other colors. In B and C, only two hues were crossed. In C, French Ultramarine was washed over Gamboge Yellow with little damage, but the yellow over the blue is streaked. Combinations of three and four hues gave the neutral, muddy results in D and E.

In F two washes were run together on the paper while wet to form a mixed wash. G. H, and I show mixed washes of two, three, and tour colors, blended with a rotated brush.

PLATE 2

PLATE 3
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PLATE 4
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PLATE 5
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PLATE 6
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PLATE 7
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PLATE 8
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This chart demonstrates the principles of pigment mixture. Red, yellow, and blue are the pigment primaries: mixed together in pairs, they form the secondaries — orange, green, and violet. Certain pairs of primaries and secondaries mixed together form the six intermediate colors — red-orange, red-violet, yellow-green, yellow-orange, blue-green, and blue-violet. Other pairs of primaries and intermediates — red and green, orange and blue, yellow and violet — are comple­mentary and neutralize each other when mixed together.

PLATE 9

Here is a method of preparing a color wheel as a scale of hues. Draw the wheel and place your three pigment primaries (top left). Then add the three secondaries in between the prima­ries (top center). Complete the wheel by adding the six intermediate hues (top right). Fill in the centers with neutral gray. A 12-hue wheel with a movable device for locating comple­ments and triads is shown at bottom left; an 18-hue wheel with a movable device for deter­mining split complements is shown at bottom right. On the 18-hue wheel, the complement of each color in the inner circle appears on the outer rim.

PLATE 10

PLATE 11
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PLATE 12
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PLATE 13
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PLATE 14
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The neutralizing effect of mixing complements is shown at top in three intermediate steps be­tween the primary colors and their complementary secondaries. Between each primary and its complementary lies a neutral gray. At center left is a stepped scale showing intensity. At cen­ter is a color wheel as a scale of intensity. The panel at center right shows green shaded to its complement, red. The five rectangles at the bottom demonstrate the power of complements to neutralize or intensify each other, depending on how they are used and their relative areas. Two complements may be neutralized by mixing, by dotting, and by lining; they may be inten­sified by striping and by contrast. (See Chapter 7.)

PLATE 15

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